Parkinson’s disease is a complex neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. While there is no known cure for it yet, advancements in medical technology have made living with the disease more manageable. One such breakthrough is Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), a surgical treatment that has shown remarkable results in alleviating the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s.
Simply put, Deep Brain Stimulation is a surgical treatment where electrodes are implanted into specific areas of the brain to regulate abnormal signals. These electrodes are connected to a device called a “neurostimulator,” which is implanted in the chest, and sends electrical impulses to targeted areas in the brain.
DBS is not a cure for Parkinson’s disease, but it is highly effective at controlling its most debilitating symptoms, such as tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, and involuntary movements (dyskinesias) caused by long-term medication use.
Key Facts About DBS
How Does It Work?
To understand how DBS works, it’s important to know more about Parkinson’s itself. The disease occurs when dopamine-producing neurons in the brain die off, leading to unregulated neural circuits that cause motor symptoms.
DBS doesn’t reverse the loss of dopamine. Instead, it overrides the abnormal electrical signals in the brain that result from the loss of dopamine. By targeting specific brain areas involved in motor control, DBS helps restore a more natural rhythm of brain activity, significantly improving the patient’s quality of life.
The Targeted Brain Areas
Depending on the patient’s symptoms, surgeons work with neurologists to pinpoint which area(s) to target with electrodes.
Once implanted, the neurostimulator delivers carefully calibrated electrical impulses. These impulses disrupt abnormal brain signaling patterns, improving the patient’s motor control and reducing tremors, stiffness, and other symptoms.
Deep Brain Stimulation offers numerous advantages, especially for individuals who no longer respond effectively to medications. Here’s why it’s considered a game-changer in Parkinson’s treatment:
1. Improved Symptom Control
DBS effectively alleviates motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). It can also reduce dyskinesias caused by long-term Levodopa use.
2. Reduction in Medication Dependence
Many patients can reduce their Parkinson’s medication after DBS, which minimizes side effects such as nausea and fatigue.
3. Tailored to Individual Needs
One of the standout features of DBS is its flexibility. Doctors can adjust the stimulation settings based on the patient’s changing needs over time.
4. Improved Quality of Life
By controlling symptoms, DBS allows individuals to regain independence and participate in activities they may have avoided due to their condition.
5. Durability
Though it doesn’t halt disease progression, the benefits of DBS often last for years, making it an enduring treatment option.
Pre-Surgical Evaluation
Before undergoing DBS surgery, patients go through a thorough evaluation that includes neurological exams, brain imaging, and psychological assessments. The goal is to ensure that the benefits outweigh the risks for each individual.
Not everyone with Parkinson’s is a candidate for DBS. Typically, it is recommended for patients who have had the disease for at least four years and are experiencing motor complications not adequately controlled by medication.
During Surgery
The DBS procedure typically involves:
Awake vs. Asleep Surgery
Some patients remain awake during surgery to provide real-time feedback, while others undergo the procedure under general anesthesia. The choice depends on patient and surgeon preferences.
Post-Surgical Calibration
After surgery, the neurostimulator is turned on and programmed. This involves fine-tuning the settings to optimize symptom control while minimizing potential side effects, such as speech issues or muscle contractions.
What to Expect After DBS
Recovery from DBS surgery is generally smooth, and most patients can resume normal activities within a week or two. However, regular follow-ups are necessary to adjust the device settings.
Side Effects and Risks
Like any surgical procedure, DBS has potential risks, including infection, bleeding, or hardware complications. Some patients may experience temporary side effects like swelling or mood changes. However, these are typically manageable.
Long-Term Outcomes
The vast majority of patients who undergo DBS report significant improvements in mobility and quality of life. However, the benefits may vary depending on factors like the stage of Parkinson’s and individual response to stimulation.
Yes, DBS is considered a safe and effective treatment when performed by experienced surgeons in specialized centers.
Most health insurance plans, including Medicare, cover DBS for medical conditions like Parkinson’s, but coverage details may vary.
No, DBS does not prevent Parkinson’s from progressing, but it does help manage symptoms effectively.
Deep Brain Stimulation offers hope and renewed independence for many individuals living with Parkinson’s. However, since it is a highly personalized treatment, decisions must be made in consultation with a neurologist and DBS specialist.
