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Deep Vein Thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis is a condition characterized by blood clots in the deep veins, especially in the legs. The patients experience leg pain, leg swelling, and altered skin color. Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis are advanced age, pregnancy, smoking, cancer, obesity, and a lack of physical activity.


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  • Medical Management: Several treatment options are available for managing deep vein thrombosis. These include anticoagulants to minimize the risk of clotting, thrombolytics to dissolve the clots, filters that prevent the travel of the blood clot to the pulmonary artery, and support stockings that prevent the accumulation of blood in the legs. The treatment depends upon the severity of deep vein thrombosis and the underlying risk of clotting or bleeding in the patient.
  • Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis: It is an advanced treatment strategy for managing pulmonary embolism in patients with hemodynamic instability. The treatment involves the intravascular infusion of a thrombolytic drug near the clot by a percutaneous catheter. These clots are generated and formed in the thigh, leg, or pelvis and can travel elsewhere.
  • Venous Thrombectomy: Venous thrombectomy is the surgical intervention to remove the blood clot from the veins. This procedure is used to mitigate the complications of deep vein thrombosis, such as phlegmasia cerulea dolens. The technique combines other treatment options, such as anticoagulant medications, angioplasty and stenting, thrombolysis, and vena cava filter placement.
  • IVC Filter Placement: The inferior vena cava filter is placed by making a small incision in the neck or groin. The catheter and the collapsed IVC filter are guided into the inferior vena cava. The filter is left in the vena cava, and the catheter is removed.
  • IVC Filter Retrieval: Most inferior vena cava filters have a hook at the end for easy removal. The removal process involves the insertion of a specialized device, called a snare, into the jugular vein (neck vein). The snare is connected to the hook, and the filter is retrieved. The procedure is performed under imaging (X-ray) guidance.
  • Treatment of Upper Limb DVT: The management of upper limb DVT includes anticoagulation and thrombolysis.

Faq's

What are the various tests performed for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis?

Deep vein thrombosis is diagnosed by duplex ultrasound, venography, magnetic resonance imaging, and a D-dimer blood test.

What are the complications associated with deep vein thrombosis?

The complications associated with deep vein thrombosis are pulmonary embolism and postphlebitic syndrome.