Renal Specific procedures

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• Hemodialysis catheters: Tunneled catheters are used for hemodialysis. These are called tunneled because the doctor places them under the skin. The tunneled catheters include non-cuffed and cuffed tunneled catheters. Doctors generally use non-cuffed tunneled catheters for short periods and emergencies. There are two openings in the tunneled catheter. The red opening allows the blood to flow to the dialysis machine, and the blue opening delivers the filtered blood back into the body.
• Peritoneal dialysis catheters: The catheters used in peritoneal dialysis are flexible and hollow and are placed surgically in the lower abdomen. The procedure for placing the catheter is performed under local anesthesia. The procedure is performed under fluoroscopic guidance. The catheter allows access to the peritoneal space to remove toxins and wastes.
• Native kidney biopsy: Native kidney biopsy involves performing a biopsy of the patient's kidney, in contrast to renal transplant biopsy, which involves the biopsy of a transplanted kidney. The most common conditions for which the patients are advised to undergo native kidney biopsy include the presence of protein or blood in urine, chronic kidney disease, and kidney failure.
• Renal transplant biopsy: Renal transplantation is one of the treatment options for patients with chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. A biopsy of the transplanted kidney is known as a renal transplant biopsy. This biopsy aims to exclude some of the causes of transplanted kidney dysfunction, such as rejection, infection, recurrence of the condition that leads to failure of the native kidney, and drug toxicity. It also assists the doctors in monitoring the health of the transplanted kidney as a part of the renal protocol biopsy performed as scheduled after transplantation.
• Plasma exchange: Therapeutic plasma exchange involves the removal of the complete blood plasma and the reinfusion of the fluid (albumin or plasma) along with red blood cells into the patient. Therapeutic plasma exchange aims to remove the abnormal proteins, antibodies, or toxins that cause clinical symptoms in patients. Patients with hyperviscosity syndrome, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and renal and rheumatologic disease may undergo therapeutic plasma exchange.
• Immuno-adsorption: This process involves the removal of certain chemical substances, including antibodies, from the blood. It is a preferred management option for autoimmune diseases due to its high efficacy in molecule removal and favorable side-effect profile.