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Prostate And Urologic Cancer

Several surgical interventions are available for the management of prostate and urological cancer. The type and complexity of the surgery depend on the location and stage of cancer. Due to advancements in surgical techniques, several organ preservation surgeries for prostate and urological cancer are now available.

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  • Nephrectomy: Nephrectomy is a surgical intervention involving removing a part (partial nephrectomy) or the entire kidney (radical nephrectomy). The surgery is usually performed to remove a benign or malignant tumor. However, surgeons may also perform this procedure to remove a seriously damaged or diseased kidney.
  • Cystectomy: Cystectomy is the surgery to remove a part (partial cystectomy) or the entire urinary bladder (radical cystectomy). Radical cystectomy in men also involves the removal of the seminal vesicles and prostate, while in women, it involves the removal of the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, and a section of the vagina.
  • Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection: Inguinal lymph node dissection is the surgical intervention involving removing the lymph nodes from the groin region. The dissected lymph nodes are then examined for the presence of cancerous cells. The procedure may be used for cancer staging, treatment (to remove cancerous nodes), or prophylaxis (to remove nodes with a high risk of developing cancer).
  • Prostatectomy: Prostatectomy involves the surgical removal of some part or the entire prostate gland. Prostatectomy is generally performed to treat prostate cancer alone or in combination with radiation therapy or chemotherapy. In rare cases, it may also be used for managing enlarged prostate glands and severe urinary symptoms.
  • Nerve-sparing Lymph Node Dissection: For many years, the patients undergoing bilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection were at increased risk of damage to the sympathetic nerves, resulting in ejaculatory dysfunction. Advanced surgical procedures are now available that preserve the sympathetic nerves during lymph node dissection.
  • Penectomy: Penectomy is the surgical procedure to remove all or part of the penis. In a total penectomy, the root of the penis that extends into the pelvis is also removed.
  • Orchidectomy: Orchidectomy is the surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles. The surgery is performed to treat testicular cancer or to remove the testicles damaged due to accidents, sports injuries, or other traumatic conditions.
  • Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: It is a minimally invasive procedure that involves using a laparoscope and robotic arms to remove the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.