Neuropathy

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• Peripheral Neuropathy: Peripheral nerves are located outside the spinal cord and brain. Damage to these nerves results in peripheral neuropathy. Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include motor symptoms, such as muscle atrophy, muscle weakness, and uncontrolled muscle movements; sensory symptoms, such as pain, tingling sensations, numbness, and imbalance; and autonomic symptoms, such as sweating, alteration in blood pressure, sexual dysfunction, and bowel and bladder problems.
• Diabetic Neuropathy: It is a complication of diabetes. It usually occurs in patients with no control over their blood sugar levels for a prolonged period. Although there is no cure, maintaining blood sugar levels in the normal range can prevent or delay the progression of diabetic neuropathy. Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy include burning sensation, numbness and pain, erectile dysfunction, altered sweating (either too high or too low), bloating, vaginal dryness, double vision, and increased heartbeat.
• Alcoholic Neuropathy: Alcoholic neuropathy is a neurological condition that occurs due to the prolonged consumption of excessive alcohol. The causes of alcoholic neuropathy include direct and indirect causes. Direct causes include increased oxidative stress, activation of spinal cord microglia, and direct toxic effects of alcohol on nerves. Indirect effects include alcohol-induced deficiency of vitamins essential for nerve health.
• Small Fiber Neuropathy: Damage of small nerve fibers present in the peripheral nervous system is termed small fiber neuropathy. The symptoms of small fiber neuropathy include pain in feet and hands, constipation, bladder control disorder, skin discoloration, dry mouth, rapid heartbeat, and hypersensitivity to temperature and touch.
• Entrapment Neuropathy: It is a condition in which the nerve entraps or compresses between two other tissues or structures of the body, usually between the bone and the ligament. Symptoms of entrapment neuropathy include pain, burning sensation, tingling sensation, and numbness. The conditions resulting in entrapment neuropathy include carpal tunnel syndrome, sciatic compression, cubital tunnel syndrome, and peroneal nerve entrapment.
• Neuropathic Pain: Neuropathic pain is a common symptom of nerve damage or compression. It is generally a burning or shooting pain, usually due to chronic, progressive neurological conditions.
• Guillain Barre Syndrome: It is an autoimmune disease that affects the nerves. The exact cause of Guillain-Barre Syndrome is unknown; however, most patients reported their symptoms six weeks after infections, such as gastrointestinal infection, COVID-19, or Zika virus. The types of Guillain-Barre Syndrome are Miller-Fisher syndrome, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, acute motor axonal neuropathy, and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy.