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External Radiation Technique

The external radiation technique involves guiding the high-energy radiation onto the tumor from a source situated outside the body. While delivering the radiation, the machine moves around the patient's body without touching it. It kills cancer cells by damaging their DNA through heat generation.

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  • 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy: It is an advanced radiation therapy technique that allows radiation oncologists to decide the radiation dose based on the tumor size. The computer creates the 3D tumor images before the radiation therapy. It avoids damage to the surrounding healthy tissues, thus causing relatively fewer complications.
  • Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT): This radiation therapy technique treats cancerous and non-cancerous tumors. It uses computer-controlled linear accelerators that provide more precision in delivering radiation doses than conventional radiation therapy.
  • Rapid Arc: This technique is an accurate and rapid technique for delivering radiation to destroy the tumor under imaging guidance. It uses continuous arc motion with continuous variation in the position of the multileaf collimator, dose rate, and gantry speed. It can create radiation conformal to the tumor shape in a short duration.
  • Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT): In this technique, detailed 3D images of the tumor are obtained to plan the treatment through radiation therapy. The imaging techniques may be MRI, CT scan, ultrasound, or X-rays.
  • Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS): During stereotactic radiosurgery, the radiation is highly focused on the tumor to spare the maximum possible healthy tissues.
  • Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: It is an advanced form of radiation therapy. The two types of stereotactic radiation therapy are linear accelerator therapy and proton beam therapy.
  • Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH): This technique is used to minimize the damage to the heart while treating the tumor present in the chest, such as breast cancer or lymphoma of the chest. During this technique, the patients fill the lungs with air when the radiation is delivered. It fills their lungs with air and moves the heart away from the chest cavity.

Faq's

When is radiation therapy used?

Radiation therapy may be delivered alone or with other treatments, such as chemotherapy and surgery. It is used before the surgery to shrink the tumor and after the surgery to kill the remaining cancer cells. It is also used when surgery is not viable. Further, in advanced-stage cancer, it is used to provide relief from cancer symptoms.

What is the difference between stereotactic radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery?

Stereotactic radiosurgery delivers large doses on a single day, while stereotactic radiation therapy delivers small doses during multiple sessions.